Recreation of Conventional Tonga
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2021.10.2.2948Keywords:
Tonga, Recreation, Renewable energyAbstract
This paper focus on designing of Electric Tonga gives emphasis on two domains namely electrical and mechanical. It scrutinizes all available technologies to find solutions to all issues to above mentioned domains. The major focus was to recreate the conventional Tonga by replacing the animal mode of transportation to electro-mechanical mode of transportation which can be run using Renewable energy. This recreated Tonga is eco-friendly, less cost, and creates less pollution. The three major components are a rechargeable battery, motor and wheels. Battery supplies electrical power to the motors which converts this electrical power into mechanical power and gives them to the wheels via a shaft. The Tonga could carry two to three passengers at a time from one point to the other. It is possible to incorporate a solar panel which can provide a secondary source of energy input other than battery, as well as an Arduino with line follower to control the Tonga. The paper aims to promote tourism and to use Tonga available without torturing animals.
References
Y. Miao, P. Hynam, A. Von Jovanne, and A. Yokochi, "Current Li Ion Battery Technologies in Electric Vehicles and Opportunities for advancements," Energies, vol. 12, pp. 1074, 2019.
C. Samaras and K. Meisteeing, "Life cycle assessment of Green House gas emission for plug in Hybrid Vehicle: Implications for policy," Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 42, pp. 3170-3176, 2008.
A. R. Holdway, A. R. Williams, O. R. Inderwildi, and D. A. King, "Indirect emissions from electric vehicles: Emissions from electricity generation," Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 3, pp. 1825-1832, 2010.
M. Morimoto, "Which is the first electrical vehicle?," Electr. Eng. JPN., vol. 192, pp. 31-38, 2015.
J. M. Tarason and M. Armand, "Issues and Challenges facing rechargeable Li batteries," Nature, vol. 414, pp. 359-367, 2001.
J. L. Sudworth, "The Sodium Nickel Chloride (ZEBRA) battery," J. Power Sources, vol. 100, pp. 149-163, 2001.
S. Goal, R. Sharma, and A. K. Rathore, "A Review on barrier and challenges of Electric Vehicles in India and Vehicle to Grid Optimization," Transport. Eng., vol. 4, pp. 100057, Jun. 21.
M. Irfan, S. S. Rangarajan, E. R. Collins, and T. Senjyu, "Enhancing the Power Quality of the Grid Interactive Solar Photo Voltaic Electric Vehicle System," World Electric Vehicle J., vol. 12, no. 3, 2021.
V. M. Dileepan and Jayakumar, "Analysis of Performance Improvement in Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles: A Review," Int. J. Electric Hybrid Vehicles, vol. 12, no. 4, 2020.
D. Queiruga and A. Q. Dios, "The Reuse of Waste Electrical and Electronics Equipment (WEE): A Bibliometric Analysis," Int. J. Waste Resources, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1000177, 2015.
D. Goswami, "Understanding the Socio-Economic Condition of Rickshaw Pullers: After Arrival of E-Rickshaw," University of Delhi: New Delhi, India, 2017.
C. Ranjan, S. J. Akhtar, A. K. Tiwari, N. K. Choubey, R. Kumar, L. Rajwar, N. Kumar, and R. Kumar, "Desing and fabrication of tri rickshaw with solar charging station," Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol., vol. 8, pp. 358-366, 2017.
S. D. Attri and A. Tyagi, Climate Profile of India, India Meteorological Department Ministry of Earth Sciences: New Delhi, India, 2010.
European Bicycle Market, edition Industry & Market Profile (2016 statistics), 2017.
E. Fishman and C. Cherry, "E-bikes in the Mainstream: Reviewing a Decade of Research," Transp. Rev., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 72-91, 2016.
Emadi, "Transportation 2.0," IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 18-29, 2011.
Muetze and Y. C. Tan, "Electric bicycles - A performance evaluation," IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 12-21, 2007.
W. C. Morchin, "Battery-powered electric bicycles," Northcon/94 Conference Record, pp. 269-274, 1994.
M. Corno, F. Roselli, and S. M. Savaresi, "Bilateral Control of SeNZA - A Series Hybrid Electric Bicycle," IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 864-874, 2017.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 The Research Publication
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
